1.      [pp:  2Albert]Albert Einstein once said:  “The release of atomic energy has not created a new problem.  It has merely made more urgent the necessity of solving an existing one.” 

2.      Nuclear power is a source of energy that occurs when a neutron is launched at an unstable atom like uranium or plutonium.  A cool fact about nuclear power is that it is a scientific discovery that was funded by the military.  The US called it the Manhattan project.  The project existed during WWII to create a bomb that would scare the world into peace  Nuclear power is used in many ways to create power and to this there are many advantages and disadvantages, there are even some accidents but in the end there are more pros than there are cons.  We talk about clean energy and most of you think of water or wind power, but there are some big drawbacks to these that nobody seems to ever discuss. 

Body

I.                   What it’s used for

[pp:  2Einstein]Nuclear energy is used to make power for many things.  Many countries such as France and Japan have already changed most of their power to nuclear power and minimized the amount of fossil fuel used to create power.  Many of the major navies in the world use this as a way to dominate the seas.  The main reason that we don’t want to use fossil fuel is that it creates green house gases that may or may not be causing global warming but they do cause pollution in their immediate area with sulfur and other toxic chemicals.

II.                How it works

[model:  reactor][pp:3,atom]Nuclear power is when you harness the power of radioactive metals decaying.  All radioactive means is that an element has an unstable nucleus because it has too many neutrons.  To set off this unstable nucleus you launch a neutron at it.  Then the uranium or plutonium that you are using starts splitting and creates a lot of heat.  In the nuclear bomb this part goes out of control and then explodes.  In a power plant this reaction is controlled by led pipes.  Lead pipes are used because the element of lead absorbs enough of the particles so that the reaction slows down.  The energy is then used to heat water into steam and then using the pressure built by the steam to turn a turbine to create energy. 

III.             Advantages

[pp:  Hoover and nuclear power plant]The benefit to nuclear power is that it is a sustainable energy source (meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs) and it reduces carbon emissions.  It also decreases the dependence on foreign oil.  In countries such as France there are 59 nuclear power plants which make 88% of Frances power. There is over 130 ships in the sea that use nuclear power and there are some nations such as France that use nuclear energy as a primary source of energy [pp:  navy ships].  The United States navy uses many nuclear powered ships.  Famous ships such as the USS Enterprise or the USS Nimitz are the working horse of the US navy. 

IV.             Disadvantages

[pp:  Chernobyl]Disadvantages are that there have been accidents in the past such as Chernobyl or Three Mile Island that scare people [pp].  Chernobyl is the biggest accident that has ever occurred with nuclear technology.  Chernobyl was a nuclear power plant that was in northern Ukraine [pp].  In April 26^th 1986 the fourth reactor in the Chernobyl power plant exploded caused by a meltdown, causing the local town with over 14000 inhabitants to evacuate.  The biggest disadvantage though in having nuclear power plants is storing nuclear waste and how it is handled.  It costs a lot of money to store the waste.  The waste is also harmful and can accidentally or purposely be used to harm people and the environment [pp]. 

V.                Common sources of clean power

[pp:  windmill, dam]There are many clean energy sources but the most common are wind and water.  These two are thought of and talked about often.  These are great ideas but have great shortcomings.

A.                Air power

Wind power is a great source of power because it is inexhaustible and it creates no emissions.  But the fact is that to create enough power to please the populace, there has to be a designated area that has nonstop wind that has to be certain strength and then you have to take up a lot of land to create these wind farms.  In a way they are an eyesore but the problem is that you cannot use that land for anything else, and with the food shortages and other problems it might be best to use all that land for something else.  So to use this power cannot support the gap that will be created when the coal plants are closed. 

B.                 Water power

Water is a powerful source of energy.  It is said that water can move hills and create valleys.  Water power is also very iconic.  Such as the Hoover dam in Colorado or the three gorges dam in china.  But like wind it also has its major flaws.  Water generators can only be created where there is deep and fast flowing rivers.  That limits water power quite bit geographically making it unsuitable to please the demand of energy. 

Conclusion

The purpose of nuclear energy is to make more electricity more efficiently and effectively.  Even though nuclear power has many ups and downs but with today’s technology and with evidence being brought to us by foreign countries. This may be the next step to go greener and cut down on our carbon emissions.  Nuclear power is the solution to today’s and tomorrow’s energy crisis.  As Einstein once said “To every solution there is another problem.” 

References

Energy Information Administration (2006) Short term energy outlook

Retrieved March 1^st, 2009, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html

Energy Information Administration (2006) When do commercial reactors permanently shut down?

Retrieved March 1^st, 2009, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/closures/closure16.html

Wind energy development programmatic (doesn’t say) Wind energy and wind power

Retrieved February 30^th, 2009, from http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/index.cfm

Energy information administration (2007) Hydroelectric

Retrieved March 2^nd, 2009, www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/hydroelec/hydroelec.html

Terry G. /personal communication/march 3^rd 2009

Nuclear energy

To inform

As a result of my presentation, my audience will be able to describe what nuclear power is, what the pros and cons of nuclear power is, and make informed decisions on what the most efficient way to produce electricity is.

Introduction

            Albert Einstein once said:  “The release of atomic energy has not created a new problem.  It has merely made more urgent the necessity of solving an existing one.”  What does everybody know about nuclear energy?  When most of you think of the word nuclear you might think of bombs.  We talk about clean energy and most of you think of water or wind power, but there are some big drawbacks to those and through this I would like to educate you about another source.

Body

I.                   What is nuclear power?

Nuclear power is when you harness the power of radioactive metals decaying (that is where they constantly keep losing electrons).  The power is then used to heat water into steam and then using the pressure built by the steam to turn a turbine to create energy. 

A.                Advantages

The benefit to nuclear power is that it is a sustainable energy source (meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs) and it reduces carbon emissions.  It also decreases the dependence on foreign oil. 

B.                 Disadvantages

Disadvantages are that there have been accidents in the past such as Chernobyl or Three Mile Island that scare people.  The biggest disadvantage though is storing nuclear waste and how it is handled.  The waste is harmful and can accidentally or purposely be used to harm people and the environment. 

II.                Comparing common sources of clean energy

There are many clean energy sources but the most common are wind and water.  These two are thought of and talked about often.

A.                 Air power

Wind power is a great source of power because it is inexhaustible and it creates no emissions.  But the fact is that to create enough power to please the populace, there has to be a designated area that has nonstop wind that has to be certain strength and then you have to take up a lot of land to create these wind farms.  In a way they are an eyesore but the problem is that you cannot use that land for anything else.  So to use this power cannot support the gap that will be created when the coal plants are closed. 

B.                 Water power

Water is a powerful source of energy.  It is said that water can move hills and create valleys.  Water power is also very iconic.  Such as the Hoover dam in Colorado or the three gorges dam in china.  But like wind it also has its major flaws.  Water generators can only be created where there is deep and fast flowing rivers.  That limits water power quite bit geographically making it unsuitable to please the demand of energy. 

II.                Sustainability

Sustainability means that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.  Nuclear energy can take that role because there is evidence.  There is over 130 ships in the sea that use nuclear power and there are some nations such as France and Japan that use nuclear energy as a primary source of energy.  With today’s technology I believe that it is possible to use nuclear energy safely and effectively. 

Conclusion

The purpose of nuclear energy is to make more electricity more efficiently and effectively.  This may be the next step to go greener and cut down on our carbon emissions.  Nuclear energy is the solution to today’s and tomorrow’s energy crisis.  As Einstein says to every solution there is another problem. 

References

Energy Information Administration (2006) Short term energy outlook

Retrieved March 1^st, 2009, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html

 

Energy Information Administration (2006) When do commercial reactors permanently shut down?

Retrieved March 1^st, 2009, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/closures/closure16.html

 

Wind energy development programmatic (doesn’t say) Wind energy and wind power

Retrieved February 30^th, 2009, from http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/index.cfm

 

Energy information administration (2007) Hydroelectric

Retrieved March 2^nd, 2009, www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/hydroelec/hydroelec.html

 

Greg Terry Gulf Power environmental/electrical Engineer (March 3nd 2009) Telephone interview

 

 

II.               Engage the audience’s attention immediately

III.            Provide a psychological orientation

A.                 Establish a good relationship with your audience

B.                 Motivate your audience toward your topic

IV.             Provide a logical orientation

A.                 Establish a context for your speech

B.                 Orient the audience to your approach to the topic

V.                Make your introduction as compact as possible

VI.             Provide logical closure

A.                 Summarize the main ideas

B.                 Reestablish your topic’s connection to a larger context

VII.         Provide psychological closure

A.                 Remind the audience how the topic affects their lives

B.                 Make an appeal

VIII.      End your speech with a clincher

Are there any other strategies to organize other than the ones in the book.

Which of the organization skill is the best?

What are some examples of parallel language that the book doesnt refer.

How much research did yall do today.

A.                 Avoid information overload

B.                 Give listeners a framework for organizing the information

C.                 Move from the simplest to the complex

D.                Move from the familiar to the unfamiliar

II.               Use common techniques of clear explanation

A.                 Use organizers

B.                 Use emphasis cues

C.                 Use examples liberally

D.                Use analog

E.                 Use multiple channels and modes

F.                  Use repetition and redundancy

         evalution the credibility of the authority you cite

         do not distort quotations

weave in supporting materials materials smoothly, and cite your sources

        cite the sources of your supporting materials

        use a variety of lead-ins

A.                 Defining words

1.                  Logical definition

2.                  Etymological definition

3.                  Operational definition

4.                  Negation or opposition definition

5.                  Authority definition

6.                  Definition by example

(a)              Factual examples

(b)              Hypothetical examples

B.                 Statistical evidence

1.                  Accuracy

2.                  Avoid misleading

3.                  Clear and meaningful

Hey my name is Akira Beck and I am here to talk about the definitions of logical, etymological, and operational.  These topics are very important when you need to come up with supporting materials because without them what you are saying won’t be as strong as you intended them to be.  So now I am going to explain them to you so from now on you will know how to use these words to make your next presentation that much better.

Body

I.                   Logical:  means dictionary definition

A.                 Being logical has 2 steps and the first one is to split your topic into categories and then describe the topics.

B.                 Example:  public speaking is:

1.                  The first step-it is a field where one studies the act of giving speeches in public.

2.                  The second step-as a whole you learn to get over fear and better oneself ability to give public speeches.

II.               Etymological and historical:

A.                 An etymological definition means that you use the roots of the word to describe something.  For example when one says eureka!  They usually are celebrating a discovery.  This word was originally a Greek word meaning I have found.

B.                 A historical definition means that one uses a word with a connection to a historical event.  A example is assassin.  This word means that one is a murderer that may be semi professional.  The word originated during the European crusades when a certain Muslim sects got people to terrorize and kill Christians.  These people were influenced by a drug called hashish.  So back in the day they were called hashshashin.  That is where the word assassin originated.

III.            Operational:

A.                 Another way to describe something is to tell how it operates.  That is what operational means. 

B.                 For example public speaking is used in an environment where communication with large groups of people is required so when one explains something the whole group the group doesn’t have problems understanding because the speaker is good at public speaking.

Summary

Those were the definitions for the words logical, etymological/historical, and operational.  These words should allow you to better your next speech by knowing some ways you can define something.  Are there any questions?